Aws D1 1 Visual Acceptance Criteria
2021年2月1日Download here: http://gg.gg/o5lmv
The AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code (Steel) welder qualification plate tests consists of a groove weld with a 45-degree included angle. The plates are prepared to a knife’s edge and a ¼ in [6 mm] backing strip is used. The test for unlimited thickness will use plates that are 1 in [25 mm] thick. Anything less than that will qualify the welder for two times the thickness used in the test. Below is an example of a test that will qualify the welder to weld up to ¾ in [20 mm].
*Aws Visual Inspection Report Form
*Aws D1.1 Table 6.1 Pdf
Welder performance qualification test for limited thickness.
The backing bar should extend the length of the test plates or could be slightly longer to allow for a run-on and run-off tabs. It should be 1 in [25mm] wide (3 in [75 mm] wide if it will not be removed when radiographic inspection is used for evaluating weld soundness in lieu of bend tests) and ¼ in [6 mm] to 3/8 in [10mm] thick.
Acceptance Criteria
Written standard operating procedures for visual weld inspection requirements and acceptance criteria per the following codes: AWS D1.1; AWS D14.1; ASME Section VIII/V; NAVSEA Tech Pub T9074-AS-GIB-010/271 and MIL-STD-2035A (2) In-house Certified Weld Inspectors (CWI) per AWS QC1; Magnetic Particle Examination (MT). Samples were first evaluated using AWS D1.1 criteria for undercut and porosity. Represented the minimum Additional samples were This first selection of samples levels acceptable according to AWS D1.1. Selected to represent one higher and one lower quality level. The three levels of undercut, scattered porosity reflected by the samples were.
In order for the welder to successfully pass this test, he or she must pass both visual inspection and meet the weld soundness acceptance criteria. Soundness is tested by performing bend tests or by radiographic inspection.
In order to pass visual inspection the weld must:
*Have no cracks of any size
*Craters must be filled to the full cross section of the weld
*The weld must not exceed 1/8 in [3mm] reinforcement
*Undercut must not exceed 1/32 in [1mm] in depth
*Additional requirements apply for tests that have an open root (no backing)
In order to pass weld soundness by bend tests the specimens must:
*Be bent according to the specifications of the code (different bend radii are specified depending on the base metals yield strength).
*The bent specimens should:
*Not exhibit any discontinuities greater than 1/8 in [3mm] in length
*Have no discontinuities greater than 1/32 in [1 mm] in length that combined add up to a total of more than 3/8 in [10mm]. Any single discontinuity exceeding 1/8 in [3 mm] constitutes a failure as seen in “a” above.
*Corner cracks should not exceed ¼ in [6 mm] in length. If the crack is a result of slag inclusion then the maximum length cannot exceed 1/8 in [3 mm]. If a corner crack with no evidence of slag inclusion is present and exceeds ¼ in [6 mm] in length the test specimen is discarded and new specimen cut from the original test plate must be tested. Corner cracks may be the result of poorly prepared tests specimens.
3. As stated previously, radiographic testing may be used in lieu of bend tests. Procedures, technique and acceptance criteria for this type of test is provided in Clause 8 (Inspection) of AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2020 Structural Welding Code – Steel (Clause 6 if you are still using the 2015 edition).
Welding Positions Qualified
Queen Medusa is shown as an arrogant and ugly woman with a large robe. She despises being defeated, shown by her many, ’surprises’ and rarely steps down to battle. No man, though, has ever defeated her, except for the backup army sent to kill Medusa, and in particular the Spearton who finished her. Stick Empires Medusa is a tall black stick figure with an hourglass silhouette, tucked behind a green lavish cloak. Two golden bands hang around Medusa’s body, one acting as a neck-collar, and the other as a headband. Atop her scalp are approximately thirty snakes, similar to. Medusa is the cunning leader of Chaos Empire. She is a ruthless, snake-headed monster, queen of Chaos. She makes her introduction in Stick War 2 - Order Empire against the Order Empire and the other tribes of Inamorta. Medusa plans to enslave them all with her massive, hideous army. Queen Medusa is the Queen of Chaos that the player has to defeat in her castle in the final level of Stick War 2. In Stick War 3 Medusa will tell her side of the story. Choose an empire and battle against your friends in this real time strategy game!
It is sometimes incorrectly assume that the 1G test described above qualifies the welder for all positions. The qualified positions are based on the position used for testing. In this case, the 1G (flat) position for a plate groove weld test will qualify the welder for 1G as well as 1F and 2F (horizontal and flat fillet welds).
For additional information see Table 6.10 of your AWS D1.1 (2020) code book. It provides all the details on welding positions for welder performance qualification. Table 6.11 details the range of thickness qualified.Aws Visual Inspection Report Form
We administer tests on a regular basis. When working strictly as a CWI we provide no guidance when taking these tests. When we are working as consultants we provide training and provide proper instructions in order to increase the probability of a successful plate test. In next week’s article we will expand on this.
References:
When qualifying a welding procedure specification (WPS) for fillet welds per Clause 4 of AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code you must only perform a single test. You must do macroetches in three locations as shown below.
Macroetch locations for welding procedure qualification of fillet welds.
It is assumed that if we can show root fusion at these three locations that our welding procedure is acceptable. Meaning it is capable of producing good welds.
However, when doing a welder performance qualification there is a difference in the test. The welder must stop at the middle of the test coupon, do a restart and finish out the weld. Instead of three macroetches only two are taken, each 2 inches from each end. The middle section of the coupon is then subjected to the fillet break test. The image below shows the location of the macroetches and the stop/restart.
A stop and restart near the middle of the weld is a requirement for the welder performance qualification test.
A macro etch gives us a clear indication of whether or not we achieved root fusion. Root fusion shall be achieved per AWS D1.1 in order for the welder to be qualified. This should be shown on both macroetches as seen below.
Macroetches show whether or not root fusion was achieve. it also provides details such as depth of root penetration, penetration depth onto the side walls, area affected by the heat (HAZ), size of legs, effective throat and more.
It is not necessary to use a camera that provides magnification as the one used for the images above, but it can help if achieving root fusion was in question. The red lines are added to clearly show the root of the joint (intersection of the red lines). Macroetches provide a lot of useful information, but they only provide information on single location of the weld. Move half an inch and the results may be different.
Since these macroetches are taken two inches from the start and two inches from the end we get reasonable assurance that the welder was able to maintain adequate travel speed, transverse and travel angles, steady contact tip to work distance and good technique.
The fillet break test is done to assure that there is fusion to the root at the start and stop done in the middle of the weld as well as throughout the weld rather than a single location. This can be a problem for some welders. The fillet break test is done by placing the root of the weld under tension. This can be done on a press or by placing the test coupon on a vice and delivering a few hammer blows as seen below.
When performing this test make sure that there are not tack welds on the other side of joint. Tack welds must always be placed near the ends of the coupon.
If the plates break off it does not mean that the test failed. This is a common misconception. Whether the pieces separate or just bend the surfaces must be examined. If you can see the root (the straight edge of the vertical piece) the welder fails.
Fillet break tests reveal whether the welder was able to achieve root fusion over a section of joint rather than a single spot.
The arrow indicates the stop and restart. Notice the jagged edge on the top piece. This is indicative that root fusion was achieved throughout the joint.Aws D1.1 Table 6.1 Pdf
The arrow points to the root of the joint. To love ru episode 2 uncensored wcw. Being able to see the edge of the top piece is indicative of lack of root fusion.
The above image shows what lack of root fusion would look like. Notice the straight edge.
Prior to performing the macroetch and the fillet break tests the weld must pass visual inspection. Acceptance criteria are provided in Clause 4 of AWS D1.1. Similarly, other codes and standards will provide their own acceptance criteria.
The fillet break test is more often than not failed not as a result of poor skill by the welder, but by a welding procedure that is poorly developed. If the amperage is not high enough you may not always get root fusion.
Reference:Qualification of Welding Procedures, Welders and Welding Operators per AWS D1.1 (2017)
Do you want more information on how you can perform your own welder and welding procedure qualifications?
“Qualification of Welding Procedures, Welders and Welding Operators” is a guide developed to help you perform your own qualifications in full compliance to AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code (Steel).
Download here: http://gg.gg/o5lmv
https://diarynote-jp.indered.space
The AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code (Steel) welder qualification plate tests consists of a groove weld with a 45-degree included angle. The plates are prepared to a knife’s edge and a ¼ in [6 mm] backing strip is used. The test for unlimited thickness will use plates that are 1 in [25 mm] thick. Anything less than that will qualify the welder for two times the thickness used in the test. Below is an example of a test that will qualify the welder to weld up to ¾ in [20 mm].
*Aws Visual Inspection Report Form
*Aws D1.1 Table 6.1 Pdf
Welder performance qualification test for limited thickness.
The backing bar should extend the length of the test plates or could be slightly longer to allow for a run-on and run-off tabs. It should be 1 in [25mm] wide (3 in [75 mm] wide if it will not be removed when radiographic inspection is used for evaluating weld soundness in lieu of bend tests) and ¼ in [6 mm] to 3/8 in [10mm] thick.
Acceptance Criteria
Written standard operating procedures for visual weld inspection requirements and acceptance criteria per the following codes: AWS D1.1; AWS D14.1; ASME Section VIII/V; NAVSEA Tech Pub T9074-AS-GIB-010/271 and MIL-STD-2035A (2) In-house Certified Weld Inspectors (CWI) per AWS QC1; Magnetic Particle Examination (MT). Samples were first evaluated using AWS D1.1 criteria for undercut and porosity. Represented the minimum Additional samples were This first selection of samples levels acceptable according to AWS D1.1. Selected to represent one higher and one lower quality level. The three levels of undercut, scattered porosity reflected by the samples were.
In order for the welder to successfully pass this test, he or she must pass both visual inspection and meet the weld soundness acceptance criteria. Soundness is tested by performing bend tests or by radiographic inspection.
In order to pass visual inspection the weld must:
*Have no cracks of any size
*Craters must be filled to the full cross section of the weld
*The weld must not exceed 1/8 in [3mm] reinforcement
*Undercut must not exceed 1/32 in [1mm] in depth
*Additional requirements apply for tests that have an open root (no backing)
In order to pass weld soundness by bend tests the specimens must:
*Be bent according to the specifications of the code (different bend radii are specified depending on the base metals yield strength).
*The bent specimens should:
*Not exhibit any discontinuities greater than 1/8 in [3mm] in length
*Have no discontinuities greater than 1/32 in [1 mm] in length that combined add up to a total of more than 3/8 in [10mm]. Any single discontinuity exceeding 1/8 in [3 mm] constitutes a failure as seen in “a” above.
*Corner cracks should not exceed ¼ in [6 mm] in length. If the crack is a result of slag inclusion then the maximum length cannot exceed 1/8 in [3 mm]. If a corner crack with no evidence of slag inclusion is present and exceeds ¼ in [6 mm] in length the test specimen is discarded and new specimen cut from the original test plate must be tested. Corner cracks may be the result of poorly prepared tests specimens.
3. As stated previously, radiographic testing may be used in lieu of bend tests. Procedures, technique and acceptance criteria for this type of test is provided in Clause 8 (Inspection) of AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2020 Structural Welding Code – Steel (Clause 6 if you are still using the 2015 edition).
Welding Positions Qualified
Queen Medusa is shown as an arrogant and ugly woman with a large robe. She despises being defeated, shown by her many, ’surprises’ and rarely steps down to battle. No man, though, has ever defeated her, except for the backup army sent to kill Medusa, and in particular the Spearton who finished her. Stick Empires Medusa is a tall black stick figure with an hourglass silhouette, tucked behind a green lavish cloak. Two golden bands hang around Medusa’s body, one acting as a neck-collar, and the other as a headband. Atop her scalp are approximately thirty snakes, similar to. Medusa is the cunning leader of Chaos Empire. She is a ruthless, snake-headed monster, queen of Chaos. She makes her introduction in Stick War 2 - Order Empire against the Order Empire and the other tribes of Inamorta. Medusa plans to enslave them all with her massive, hideous army. Queen Medusa is the Queen of Chaos that the player has to defeat in her castle in the final level of Stick War 2. In Stick War 3 Medusa will tell her side of the story. Choose an empire and battle against your friends in this real time strategy game!
It is sometimes incorrectly assume that the 1G test described above qualifies the welder for all positions. The qualified positions are based on the position used for testing. In this case, the 1G (flat) position for a plate groove weld test will qualify the welder for 1G as well as 1F and 2F (horizontal and flat fillet welds).
For additional information see Table 6.10 of your AWS D1.1 (2020) code book. It provides all the details on welding positions for welder performance qualification. Table 6.11 details the range of thickness qualified.Aws Visual Inspection Report Form
We administer tests on a regular basis. When working strictly as a CWI we provide no guidance when taking these tests. When we are working as consultants we provide training and provide proper instructions in order to increase the probability of a successful plate test. In next week’s article we will expand on this.
References:
When qualifying a welding procedure specification (WPS) for fillet welds per Clause 4 of AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code you must only perform a single test. You must do macroetches in three locations as shown below.
Macroetch locations for welding procedure qualification of fillet welds.
It is assumed that if we can show root fusion at these three locations that our welding procedure is acceptable. Meaning it is capable of producing good welds.
However, when doing a welder performance qualification there is a difference in the test. The welder must stop at the middle of the test coupon, do a restart and finish out the weld. Instead of three macroetches only two are taken, each 2 inches from each end. The middle section of the coupon is then subjected to the fillet break test. The image below shows the location of the macroetches and the stop/restart.
A stop and restart near the middle of the weld is a requirement for the welder performance qualification test.
A macro etch gives us a clear indication of whether or not we achieved root fusion. Root fusion shall be achieved per AWS D1.1 in order for the welder to be qualified. This should be shown on both macroetches as seen below.
Macroetches show whether or not root fusion was achieve. it also provides details such as depth of root penetration, penetration depth onto the side walls, area affected by the heat (HAZ), size of legs, effective throat and more.
It is not necessary to use a camera that provides magnification as the one used for the images above, but it can help if achieving root fusion was in question. The red lines are added to clearly show the root of the joint (intersection of the red lines). Macroetches provide a lot of useful information, but they only provide information on single location of the weld. Move half an inch and the results may be different.
Since these macroetches are taken two inches from the start and two inches from the end we get reasonable assurance that the welder was able to maintain adequate travel speed, transverse and travel angles, steady contact tip to work distance and good technique.
The fillet break test is done to assure that there is fusion to the root at the start and stop done in the middle of the weld as well as throughout the weld rather than a single location. This can be a problem for some welders. The fillet break test is done by placing the root of the weld under tension. This can be done on a press or by placing the test coupon on a vice and delivering a few hammer blows as seen below.
When performing this test make sure that there are not tack welds on the other side of joint. Tack welds must always be placed near the ends of the coupon.
If the plates break off it does not mean that the test failed. This is a common misconception. Whether the pieces separate or just bend the surfaces must be examined. If you can see the root (the straight edge of the vertical piece) the welder fails.
Fillet break tests reveal whether the welder was able to achieve root fusion over a section of joint rather than a single spot.
The arrow indicates the stop and restart. Notice the jagged edge on the top piece. This is indicative that root fusion was achieved throughout the joint.Aws D1.1 Table 6.1 Pdf
The arrow points to the root of the joint. To love ru episode 2 uncensored wcw. Being able to see the edge of the top piece is indicative of lack of root fusion.
The above image shows what lack of root fusion would look like. Notice the straight edge.
Prior to performing the macroetch and the fillet break tests the weld must pass visual inspection. Acceptance criteria are provided in Clause 4 of AWS D1.1. Similarly, other codes and standards will provide their own acceptance criteria.
The fillet break test is more often than not failed not as a result of poor skill by the welder, but by a welding procedure that is poorly developed. If the amperage is not high enough you may not always get root fusion.
Reference:Qualification of Welding Procedures, Welders and Welding Operators per AWS D1.1 (2017)
Do you want more information on how you can perform your own welder and welding procedure qualifications?
“Qualification of Welding Procedures, Welders and Welding Operators” is a guide developed to help you perform your own qualifications in full compliance to AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code (Steel).
Download here: http://gg.gg/o5lmv
https://diarynote-jp.indered.space
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